Diesel Fuel Additives: Use and Efficacy for Alaska's Diesel Generators

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Author
Kemp, Chandler
Williams, Frank
Holdmann, Gwen
Witmer, Dennis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10371
Table of Contents
Stakeholder Advisory Committee - ii List of Figures - v List of Tables - vi Executive Summary - vii Introduction - 1 Premise - 1 Approach - 1 Background and Literature Review - 2 Diesel Fuel - 2 ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils - 3 What Are Diesel Fuel Additives? - 5 EPA Registration of Diesel Fuel Additives - 5 Classification of Additives - 5 Diesel Fuel Additive Descriptions and their Uses - 6 Pour Point Depressants - 6 Alternative Cold Flow Improvers - 7 Conductivity Improvers - 7 Lubricity Additives - 7 Biocides - 9 Fuel Stabilizers - 9 Cetane Enhancers - 10 Injector Cleaners - 10 Water Emulsifier/De-emulsifier - 11 Additives to Reduce Emissions - 12 Efficiency - 14 Efficiency increasing Additives and Devices - 15 Magnetic Fuel Conditioners - 15 Combustion Catalysts - 15 Older Versus Newer Engines - 16 Well-Maintained Versus Less Well-Cared-For Engines - 16 EPA Emission Guidelines - 16 Engine Manufacturer Statements on Fuel Additives - 18 Analyses of Available Literature - 19 Experiences of Alaska Utilities - 20 Data Collection Methods Used in this Study - 20 Diesel Electric Generators used in Rural Alaska - 21 Fuel Survey Results - 22 Diesel Fuel Purchase and Delivery Systems in Alaska - 22 Sources of Fuel - 23 Delivery of Fuel in Rural Alaska - 23 Aftermarket Additives Survey Results - 23 Pour Point Depressant Use - 25 Lubricity Additives - 26 Biocides - 26 Long-term Fuel Storage Issues-Especially Water in Fuel - 26 Additive Blending Procedures - 26 Testing of Aftermarket Additives by Alaska Utilities - 30 Age of Diesel Engines used for Testing Additives - 30 Efficiency Enhancing Additives - 30 Efficiency Enhancing Devices - 32 Used Oil - 32 Which Utilities Use Additives? 0 32 Discussion of Additive Use by Alaska Diesel Engine Utilities - 32 Experience of Fuel Suppliers in Alaska - 33 Conclusions - 34 Recommendations - 34 Glossary - 35 References - 37
Date
2013-05
Type
Technical Report
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