Wearing Surface Testing and Screening: Yukon River Bridge

Hulsey, J. L.; Ward, Richard; Anderson, Elliott

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Abstract

There is a demand and a need for cheaper and alternative surface coverings in environments with high temperature fluctuations. Our design for an alternative surface covering involves a basic twopart component epoxy with the addition of a solvent. The purpose of the solvent is to disrupt the reaction that forms the ordered chains to form a more disordered crystalline structure. The solvent in the finished product is 3% by volume of isopropyl alcohol. This mixture of epoxy and solvent has higher impact strength than epoxy alone, as well as a much lower brittle transition temperature of 27°C compared with 10°C for epoxy. An environmental chamber, tensile tester, Charpy impact tester, and 4- point bending test were used to determine these conclusions. The final product can be tailored with different aggregates to fit a specific need, such as decking surface material to coat the wooden planks on the Yukon River Bridge.

Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Yukon River Bridge Project 2006 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Yukon River Bridge 2011 ..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Scope of Work ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Part 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Part 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Test Results and Data ................................................................................................................................ 4 Part I .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Project Basis ........................................................................................................................................ 4 3.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Results/Future Work ........................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.1 Charpy impact tests ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.2 Tensile tests ................................................................................................................................. 9 3.4 Chemical Theory ............................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Facilities............................................................................................................................................. 14 3.6 Materials Tested ............................................................................................................................... 16 Part II: .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.7 Collecting Data .................................................................................................................................. 18 3.7.1 Determining percent isopropyl alcohol (Figure 19) ................................................................... 18 3.7.2 Determining the number of seal coatings (Figures 21–25) ....................................................... 19 3.7.3 Wear testing ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.7.4 Application process on test planks ............................................................................................ 25 3.7.5 Conclusion of information gathered from collecting data......................................................... 30 3.8 Modification Made to the Planks ...................................................................................................... 30 4 What Went Wrong in the Experiment ..................................................................................................... 30 5 What Could Be Changed, Future Modifications....................................................................................... 31 References .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Table of Figures Figure 1: Yukon River Bridge. ........................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 2: ASTM standards. ............................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 3: Epoxy samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ................................................................ 7 Figure 4: Epoxy with kerosene samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ........................................ 8 Figure 5: Epoxy with isopropyl alcohol samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ........................... 8 Figure 6: Epoxy with isopropyl alcohol and sand samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ........... 9 Figure 7: Epoxy samples – extension vs. load. ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 8: Epoxy with isopropyl alcohol samples – extension vs. load. ....................................................... 10 Figure 9: Epoxy with acetone samples – extension vs. load. ...................................................................... 11 Figure 10: Basic structures in epoxy. .......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 11: First step of polymerization. ...................................................................................................... 12 Figure 12: Long chain epoxy molecule ........................................................................................................ 12 Figure 13: Epoxy mixed with acetone solvent ............................................................................................ 12 Figure 14: Alcohol and ketone reaction. ..................................................................................................... 13 Figure 15: Epoxy hydrogen bonding with isopropyl alcohol. ...................................................................... 13 Figure 16: Environmental chamber used to freeze the samples. ............................................................... 14 Figure 17: Instron tensile test apparatus. ................................................................................................... 15 Figure 18: Charpy ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 19: Test samples 3–5%, 10%, 20% isopropyl alcohol. ...................................................................... 18 Figure 20: Resistance to moisture migration. ............................................................................................. 19 Figure 21: Test samples: no sealing, 1 sealing, 2 sealings, and 3 sealings submerged in water. ............... 21 Figure 22: (Weight/dry weight) vs. days boards soaked............................................................................. 22 Figure 23: (Weight/dry weight) vs. days boards soaked............................................................................. 22 Figure 24: Percent increase in weight vs. number of seal coatings. ........................................................... 23 Figure 25: Percent increase in weight vs. number of seal coatings. ........................................................... 24 Figure 26: Traction and wear test equipment. ........................................................................................... 25 Figure 27: Epoxy sample after the wear test. ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 28: Laying out bolt pattern. ............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 29: Drilling countersunk holes. ........................................................................................................ 24 Figure 30: Completed board though application process. ......................................................................... 26 Figure 31: Bur on PVC pipe ......................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 33: Planks drying after sealing ......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 34. Plank preparation before aggregate application. ...................................................................... 28 Figure 35: Planks drying. ............................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 36: Removing tape and cotton balls. ............................................................................................... 29 Figure 37: Chip in plank ............................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 38: Chip patched .............................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 39: Additional chip patched ............................................................................................................. 31

Date

2015-09

Type

Technical Report

Collections

INE Project Reports