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dc.contributor.authorSewall, Fletcher
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-05T00:32:59Z
dc.date.available2020-10-05T00:32:59Z
dc.date.issued2020-05
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11122/11305
dc.descriptionDissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2020en_US
dc.description.abstractSmall pelagic fish abundances can vary widely over space and time making them difficult to forecast, partially due to large changes in the number of individuals that annually recruit to the spawning population. Recruitment fluctuations are largely driven by variable early life stage survival, particularly through the first winter for cold temperate fishes. Winter survival may be influenced by juvenile fish size, energy stores, and other factors that are often poorly documented, which may hamper understanding recruitment processes for economically and ecologically important marine species. The goal of this research was to improve understanding of recruitment of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) within Prince William Sound (PWS) through recruitment modeling and by identifying factors influencing winter survival of young-of-the-year (YOY) herring. Towards this end, my dissertation addresses three specific objectives: 1) incorporate oceanographic and biological variables into a herring recruitment model, 2) describe patterns in growth and condition of PWS YOY herring and their relationship to winter mortality risks, and 3) compare the growth, condition, swimming performance, and mortality of YOY herring that experience different winter feeding levels. In the recruitment modeling study, annual mean numbers of PWS herring recruits-per-spawner were positively correlated with YOY walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) abundance in the Gulf of Alaska, hence including a YOY pollock index within a standard Ricker model improved herring recruitment estimates. Synchrony of juvenile herring and pollock survival persisted through the three-decade study period, including the herring stock collapse in the early 1990s. While the specific mechanism determining survival is speculative, size-based tradeoffs in growth and energy storage in PWS YOY herring indicated herring must reach a critical size before winter, presumably to reduce size-dependent predation. Large herring switched from growth to storing energy, and ate more high-quality euphausiid prey, which would delay the depletion of lipid stores that compelled lean herring to forage. Lipid stores were highest in the coldest year of the seven-year field study, rather than the year with the best diets. With diets controlled in a laboratory setting, spring re-feeding following restricted winter diets promoted maintenance of size and swimming ability, but had little effect on mortality rates compared to fish continued on restricted rations. Declines in gut mass, even among fully fed herring, and low growth potential suggest limited benefits to winter feeding. Mortalities due to food restriction compounded by disease were highest among herring that fasted through winter months, and among small herring regardless of feeding level. Taken together, these findings illustrate the importance of achieving a critical size and high lipid stores in the critical period before winter to promote YOY herring winter survival and ultimately recruitment.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipExxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, NOAAen_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsGeneral Introduction -- Chapter 1. Empirically based models of oceanographic and biological influences on Pacific Herring recruitment in Prince William Sound -- Chapter 2. Growth, energy storage, and feeding patterns reveal winter mortality risks for juvenile Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA -- Chapter 3. Condition and performance of juvenile Pacific herring with different winter feeding rations -- General conclusions.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectPacific herringen_US
dc.subjectpredatorsen_US
dc.subjectAlaskaen_US
dc.subjectPrince William Sounden_US
dc.subjectwinteringen_US
dc.subjectmortalityen_US
dc.titlePacific herring juvenile winter survival and recruitment in Prince William Sounden_US
dc.typeDissertationen_US
dc.type.degreephden_US
dc.identifier.departmentDepartment of Oceanographyen_US
dc.contributor.chairNorcross, Brenda
dc.contributor.committeeMueter, Franz
dc.contributor.committeeKruse, Gordon
dc.contributor.committeeHeintz, Ron
dc.contributor.committeeHopcroft, Russ
refterms.dateFOA2020-10-05T00:32:59Z


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