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    Interferometric modification of the Lockheed Martin PSTAR system to facilitate three dimensional airspace surveillance

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    Author
    Otterbacher, Scott E.
    Keyword
    monopulse radar
    target acquisition
    tracking radar
    surveillance radar
    Metadata
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/11369
    Abstract
    The Lockheed Martin PSTAR is a monostatic radar system that provides range, azimuth, and radial velocity information of detected targets. While this system is useful for airspace surveillance in remote locations due to its portability and durability, it lacks the ability to record target information and the ability to estimate target elevation angle, resulting in a vertical arc of possible target locations. Due to a desire to use the PSTAR for applications that require logging three-dimensional target information, a spatial interferometric modification has been implemented. The PSTAR estimates range from pulse propagation delay and azimuth angle from the orientation of the antenna on a rotating pedestal. Two PSTAR antennas were removed from their housings and mounted, vertically separated, in a custom enclosure allowing for the estimation of elevation angle through spatial interferometry. The reflected signal is received by both antennas, mixed to baseband, and then the two pairs of I/Q channels are simultaneously sampled at 1 MS/s. Target elevation angle is estimated by determining the phase difference of the target's reflection received by the two vertically spaced antennas. Range, azimuth, and radial velocity are also estimated. All data collection was implemented in LabVIEW and data post-processing was implemented in MATLAB.
    Description
    Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011
    Table of Contents
    1. Introduction -- 1.1. Unmanned aerial vehicles -- 1.2. FAA requirements -- 1.3. PFRR requirements -- 1.4. Thesis overview -- 2. Description of PSTAR -- 2.1. PSTAR hardware -- 2.2. PSTAR testing -- 2.3. Internal PSTAR communications -- 2.4. Beam pattern -- 3. Estimation of target parameters -- 3.1. Radar fundamentals -- 3.1.1. Power -- 3.1.1.1. Radar equation -- 3.1.1.2. Noise -- 3.1.1.3. Signal to noise ratio -- 3.1.2. Azimuth -- 3.1.3. Range -- 3.1.3.1. Range ambiguity -- 3.1.4. Doppler velocity -- 3.1.4.1. Doppler velocity ambiguity -- 3.2. 3D Target location -- 3.2.1. Triangulation -- 3.2.2. Interferometry -- 3.2.2.1. Elevation ambiguity -- 4. Data collection -- 4.1. Azimuth data -- 4.1.1. Digital data from pedestal -- 4.1.2. Resolver -- 4.1.3. Hall effect sensor -- 4.2. I/Q data -- 4.2.1. Analog to digital converter -- 4.2.2. Dual antenna -- 4.2.3. PXI system -- 4.3. Modified PSTAR system -- 4.4. Data collection program -- 4.4.1. North alignment -- 4.4.2. I/Q data -- 4.4.2.1. Calibration data -- 4.4.2.2. Operational data -- 5. Data processing -- 5.1. Overview -- 5.2. Calibration -- 5.3. Signal conditioning -- 5.3.1. Data packaging -- 5.3.2. Removal of voltage discontinuities -- 5.4. Target detection -- 5.4.1. Azimuth -- 5.4.2. Range -- 5.4.2.1. Matched filter -- 5.4.2.2. Moving target indicator -- 5.4.2.3. Oversampled point target detection filter -- 5.4.3. Doppler velocity -- 5.4.4. Elevation angle -- 5.5. Processing demand -- 6. Testing and verification -- 6.1. Simulated data -- 6.2. Cooperative target tests -- 7. Conclusions and future improvements -- 7.1. Unused algorithms -- 7.1.1. Detailed calibration -- 7.1.2. Cluttermap -- 7.2. North alignment -- 7.3. FPGA based data collection -- 7.4. Replace PSTAR components -- Bibliography -- Appendix.
    Date
    2011-05
    Type
    Thesis
    Collections
    Engineering

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