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    A Changing Hydrological Regime: Trends in Magnitude and Timing of Glacier Ice Melt and Glacier Runoff in a High Latitude Coastal Watershed

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    2021_Hood_A Changing Hydrological ...
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    Author
    Young, Joanna C.
    Pettit, Erin
    Arendt, Anthony
    Hood, Eran
    Liston, Glen E.
    Beamer, Jordan
    Keyword
    Glacier ice melt
    Glacier runoff
    Coastal watershed
    Mass balance
    Biogeophysical signature
    Juneau Icefield
    Hydrological regime change
    Metadata
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/12857
    Abstract
    With a unique biogeophysical signature relative to other freshwater sources, meltwater from glaciers plays a crucial role in the hydrological and ecological regime of high latitude coastal areas. Today, as glaciers worldwide exhibit persistent negative mass balance, glacier runoff is changing in both magnitude and timing, with potential downstream impacts on infrastructure, ecosystems, and ecosystem resources. However, runoff trends may be difficult to detect in coastal systems with large precipitation variability. Here, we use the coupled energy balance and water routing model SnowModel-HydroFlow to examine changes in timing and magnitude of runoff from the western Juneau Icefield in Southeast Alaska between 1980 and 2016. We find that under sustained glacier mass loss (−0.57 ± 0.12 m w. e. a−1), several hydrological variables related to runoff show increasing trends. This includes annual and spring glacier ice melt volumes (+10% and +16% decade−1) which, because of higher proportions of precipitation, translate to smaller increases in glacier runoff (+3% and +7% decade−1) and total watershed runoff (+1.4% and +3% decade−1). These results suggest that the western Juneau Icefield watersheds are still in an increasing glacier runoff period prior to reaching “peak water.” In terms of timing, we find that maximum glacier ice melt is occurring earlier (2.5 days decade−1), indicating a change in the source and quality of freshwater being delivered downstream in the early summer. Our findings highlight that even in maritime climates with large precipitation variability, high latitude coastal watersheds are experiencing hydrological regime change driven by ongoing glacier mass loss.
    Date
    2021-05-20
    Publisher
    American Geophysical Union
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    Citation
    Young, J., E. Petit, A. Arendt, E. Hood, G. Liston, and J. Beamer (2021) A changing hydrological regime: Trends in magnitude and timing of glacier ice melt and glacier runoff in a high latitude coastal watershed, Water Resources Research, 57: e2020WR027404. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027404
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    Hood, Eran

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