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    The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Demonstrates a Compartmentalization of Gut Bacterial Microbiota, Predictive Functional Attributes, and Taxonomic Co-Occurrence

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    2019_Schram_The Purple Sea Urchin ...
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    Author
    Hakim, Joseph A.
    Schram, Julie B.
    Galloway, Aaron W. E.
    Morrow, Casey D.
    Crowley, Michael R.
    Watts, Stephen A.
    Bej, Asim K.
    Keyword
    Illumina
    high-throughput sequencing (HTS)
    bacteriome
    PICRUSt
    16S rRNA gene
    PhyloToAST
    CoNet
    QIIME
    LEfSe
    KEGG
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/12871
    Abstract
    The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (order Camarodonta, family Strongylocentrotidae) can be found dominating low intertidal pool biomass on the southern coast of Oregon, USA. In this case study, three adult sea urchins were collected from their shared intertidal pool, and the bacteriome of their pharynx, gut tissue, and gut digesta, including their tide pool water and algae, was determined using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the 16S rRNA genes and bioinformatics tools. Overall, the gut tissue demonstrated Arcobacter and Sulfurimonas (Epsilonproteobacteria) to be abundant, whereas the gut digesta was dominated by Psychromonas (Gammaproteobacteria), Propionigenium (Fusobacteria), and Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes). Alpha and beta diversity analyses indicated low species richness and distinct microbial communities comprising the gut tissue and digesta, while the pharynx tissue had higher richness, more closely resembling the water microbiota. Predicted functional profiles showed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Level-2 categories of energy metabolism, membrane transport, cell motility, and signal transduction in the gut tissue, and the gut digesta represented amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin and cofactor metabolisms, and replication and repair. Co-occurrence network analysis showed the potential relationships and key taxa, such as the highly abundant Arcobacter and Propionigenium, influencing population patterns and taxonomic organization between the gut tissue and digesta. These results demonstrate a trend of microbial community integration, allocation, predicted metabolic roles, and taxonomic co-occurrence patterns in the S. purpuratus gut ecosystem.
    Date
    2019-01-26
    Publisher
    Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    Citation
    Hakim, JA; Schram, JB; Galloway, AWE; Morrow, CD; Crowley, MR; Watts, SA; Bej, AK (2019) The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratusDemonstrates a Compartmentalization of Gut Bacterial Microbiota, Predictive Functional Attributes, and Taxonomic Co-Occurrence. Microorganisms 7, 35 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020035
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    Schram, Julie

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