An Integrative Review: Routine Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences of Adults in Primary Care Settings

Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events occurring in children prior to the age of 18 years. They include physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. ACEs have been associated with an increased risk of health-risk behaviors, leading to increased risk of chronic diseases and disability in adulthood. ACEs screening is not currently part of routine health assessment of adults in primary care settings. An integrative review of the current evidence supports that primary care providers believe their role is to screen adults for childhood traumas. Unfortunately, primary care providers lack confidence, education, time, and knowledge of the ACE survey tool in practice. Dissemination of evidence-based ACE education and screening tools to future health care providers and practicing providers is essential to prevent the devastating effects of adverse childhood experiences and promote healthy persons, families, and communities