Implementation of community-based natural resource management at Hustai National Park, Mongolia

Abstract

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) combines scientific knowledge with community involvement to manage a variety of common pool resources (CPR) in a sustainable manner. In Mongolia, CBNRM has been implemented to manage rangelands in response to severe winters and rangeland degradation. In particular, Hustai National Park (HNP) has faced challenges due to the increased number of livestock which has led to exceeding the carrying capacity of the Buffer Zone rangelands despite efforts to implement CBNRM since 2004. The overarching question guiding the research is: How have CBNRM principles been implemented at HNP? In order to answer the research question, the research design employed the case study method, with HNP as the case. A convergent parallel design was utilized. Data collection methods consisted of survey questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and archival document reviews. Survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain data from the stakeholder groups, which consisted of HNP officials, local government officials, and herders. The research revealed that CBNRM principles have not been fully implemented for protecting the Buffer Zone rangelands. More specifically, most CBNRM principles have not been met; the use of a top-down approach has been employed; and there are conflicts between CBNRM principles and interpretations of the Mongolian Constitution. Furthermore, the research indicated that CBNRM principles have not protected the Buffer Zone rangelands, as evidence indicates the state of the Buffer Zone rangelands has moved to a degraded state between 2010 and 2020, primarily due to overgrazing. Also, the study suggests that there have been some improvements; however, CBNRM methods have generally failed to improve the livelihood of the majority of herders. Therefore, the research emphasizes the need for a more effective implementation of CBNRM principles at HNP.