Interpretations of the time variations of polar cap absorption associated with solar cosmic ray bombardments

Leinbach, H.

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UAG R-127; Scientific Report No. 3., Part I (Chapters I-V), Part II (Chapters VI-VIII).

List of illustrations -- List of tables -- Chapter 1. Polar cap absorption events – 1.1. Introduction – 1.2. An introduction to the study of polar cap absorption -- Chapter 2. Ionization of the atmosphere by solar cosmic rays – 2.1. Introduction – 2.2. Ion fair production by solar cosmic ray protons – 2.3. The equilibrium electron density – 2.4. The constancy of λ – 2.5. The nighttime value of λ – 2.6. The time required to establish equilibrium electron density -- Chapter 3. Resume of the magneto-ionic theory of radio wave absorption -- Chapter 4. The experimental technique of measuring cosmic noise absorption – 4.1. Introduction – 4.2. Equipment-the riometer – 4.3. The antenna – 4.4. Reduction of the riometer data to absorption values – 4.5. Probable errors in the measurement of the apparent absorption – 4.6. The influence of antenna polar diagram and cosmic noise distribution on the measured absorption -- Chapter 5. Descriptions of selected PCA events – 5.1. Introduction – 5.2. Discussion of individual PCA events – PCA of March 25, 1958 – PCA of April 10, 1958 – PCA of July 7, 1958 – PCA of August 16, 1958 – PCA of August 21, 1958 – PCA of August 22, 1958 – PCA of August 26, 1958 – PCA of May 11, 1959 – PCA of July 10, 1959 – PCA of July 14, 1959 – PCA of July 16, 1959 – PCA of March 31, 1959 – PCA of April 1, 1960 – PCA of April 5, 1960 – PCA of April 28, 1960 – PCA of April 29, 1960 – PCA of May 4, 1960 – PCA of May 6, 1960 – PCA of May 13, 1960 – PCA of September 28, 1961 -- Chapter 6. Interplanetary propagation of low energy solar cosmic rays – 6.1. Introduction – 6.2. Time variations of PCA at high latitudes interpreted as extraterrestrial flux variations – 6.3. Comparison of Thule PCA with Pioneer V data for the events of March 30, April 1, and April 5, 1960 – 6.4. Classification of PCA events – 6.5. Characteristics of SC-max and pre-SC-max events – 6.6. Some comments on possible interpretations of SC-max and pre-SC-max PCA – 6.7. Some comments on the SC-max-extreme PCA events – 6.8. Some PCA events with unusual features – 6.8.1. The PCA events of April 28 and 29, 1960 – 6.8.2. The PCA event of May 4, 1960 – 6.8.3. The PCA event of May 6, 1960 – 6.8.4. The PCA event of September 28, 1961 -- Chapter 7. Influence of the earth’s magnetic field on the nature of PCA events – 7.1. Introduction – 7.2. Impact zones for low energy protons during PCA events – 7.3. Effective cutoff energies over the polar cap – 7.4. The lower boundary of the PCA region during quiet magnetic conditions – 7.5. Midday recoveries of absorption – 7.5.1. Observations of midday recoveries – 7.5.2. Midday recoveries during the July 14, 1959 PCA event – 7.5.3. Relation of midday recoveries to global magnetic activity – 7.5.4. Interpretation of midday recoveries – 7.6. Behavior of the boundary of the PCA region during magnetic storms – 7.6.1. Introduction – 7.6.2. Southward expansion of the polar cap region during the magnetic storm main phase – 7.6.3. Recovery of absorption near the boundary of the polar cap region during the initial phase of a magnetic storm – 7.7. Some comments on the interpretation of variations of PCA connected with the magnetic field configuration - 7.7.1. Introduction – 7.7.2. Uniformity of PCA over the polar caps – 7.7.3. Recovery of absorption near the southern boundary of the PCA region during the initial phase of a magnetic storm – 7.7.4. Expansion of the PCA region during intense magnetic storms -- Chapter 8. Conclusions and recommendations -- Appendix I. The absorption coefficient in the generalized magneto-ionic theory -- Appendix II. Relation of calculated “apparent” absorption to the ionospheric absorption -- Appendix III. Correction of the calculated absorption for the finite beamwidth of the antenna -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Date

1962-05

Type

Report

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GI Reports