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    Milk fatty acid composition of perinatal and foraging Steller sea lions: examination from pup stomachs

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    Miller_uaf_0006N_10219.pdf
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    Author
    Miller, Carlene Nicole
    Chair
    Polasek, Lori K.
    Committee
    Oliveira, Alexandra C. M.
    Horstmann-Dehn, Larissa A.
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/4653
    Abstract
    To investigate the relationship of milk fatty acid composition between perinatal and foraging Steller sea lions and within each maternal state (i.e., perinatal or foraging), milk samples were collected in 2010 and 2011 via gastric intubation from Steller sea lion pups on a small rookery in the central Gulf of Alaska. Subsamples of initial milk samples were taken over four hours post-collection to examine changes of fatty acids within milk over time. Maternal states of lactating females of sampled pups were determined via remotely operated video cameras on the rookery. Fatty acid composition within milk, collected from Steller sea lion pup stomachs, did not change over the four hour post-collection period, and thus milk fatty acids were not modified within milk over time. Milk fatty acid composition between Steller sea lion maternal states was different, and thus can be utilized to distinguish between perinatal and foraging Steller sea lions of the same geographic region. In the absence of direct observations, this study demonstrated the use of a viable method to determine maternal state. Milk fatty acid composition remained relatively constant within perinatal Steller sea lions, suggesting steady mobilization of fatty acids from blubber to milk, and within foraging Steller sea lions, implying females forage in the vicinity of the rookery and on similar prey species. Differences in milk fatty acid composition between maternal states, including differences in the relative percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids, may have implications for growth and development of offspring. For lactating Steller sea lions, foraging after the perinatal period is important for continued delivery of fatty acids needed by young pups.
    Description
    Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014.
    Table of Contents
    Preface -- Steller Sea Lion Life History -- Lipids and Fatty Acids -- Essential Fatty Acids -- Milk Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition -- Milk Lipid Digestion via Gastric Lipase -- Introduction -- Materials & methods -- Sample Collection -- Behavioral Observations -- Lipid Extraction and Fatty Acid Analysis -- Milk Fatty Acid Stability Over Time -- Interannual Comparison -- Statistical Analyses of Maternal States -- Results -- Milk Fatty Acid Stability Over Time -- Interannual Comparison -- Spatial Separation of Perinatal and Foraging Females -- Milk Fatty Acid Composition Between Perinatal and Foraging Females -- Milk FA Composition Within Perinatal and Foraging Females -- Discussion -- Milk Fatty Acid Stability Over Time -- Distinguishing Between Perinatal and Foraging Females -- Milk Fatty Acid Composition Within Perinatal and Foraging Females -- Differences in Fatty Acids Important for Pups Between Maternal States -- Importance of Food Resources -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Literature cited -- Appendices.
    Date
    2014-08
    Type
    Thesis
    Collections
    Marine Sciences

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