Abstract:
The introduction of non-native trees should be informed by various perspectives. In the case of forestry in high-latitude regions, managers face the challenge of finding cold-hardy species adequately adapted to harsh climatic environments; Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex. Loud.) has been introduced to three regions at or above its natural northern latitudinal extent; Alaska, Iceland, and northern Sweden. Analysis of interviews in each region revealed the structure of common arguments, including underlying assumptions and perceptions of the natural world. Results of a mail-out-survey to the Alaskan public indicate that a considerable portion of the public is concerned about the possibility for adverse ecological effects on the native ecosystem. However, acceptance of non-native trees increased under certain circumstances; e.g. small-scale ornamental plantings, and when economic benefit is demonstrated. In comparisons of twenty-year growth data of lodgepole pine in Alaska with native white spruce (Picea glauca), lodgepole pine achieved greater height, diameter, and volume. The response of lodgepole pine in all three regions to scenarios of climate change was predicted using tree-ring analysis. Results indicate a negative response (reduced growth) in the Fairbanks area, a positive response (increased growth) in Delta and Glennallen, and a positive response at all but one Icelandic site and both Swedish sites. Overall, lodgepole pine appears relatively well-adapted to the present and modeled future environments of interior Alaska, Iceland, and northern Sweden.
