Changing strategies in Seward Peninsula reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) management

Abstract

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) management techniques have changed since the founding of the reindeer industry on the Seward Peninsula in 1891. From 1891-1915, herds were small and management was intensive. Between 1915 and 1944, community herds and joint stock companies were formed. Herd management was extensive and herds were large and relatively free roaming. A period of re-privatization followed from 1944 to 1960, during which a limited number of moderately stocked ranges were established. The era after 1960 saw the introduction of several new forms of technology, some of which became catalysts for broad changes in reindeer management. Snow machines (c. 1960s), helicopters (c. 1970s), radio telemetry (c. 1980s), and Internet use became an integral part of how reindeer were managed. Most recently, satellite telemetry and online mapping have been developed as herd management tools. Combining telemetry, mapping programs, and the Internet allows herders to monitor range use, herd movement, and whether their animals need to be moved to refuge areas to prevent mixing with caribou. Equipped with this knowledge, herders can more effectively use ATV's and aircraft to manage their herds.