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    Constraints upon the history of Meridiani Planum, Mars using sub-kilometer crater counting

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    Author
    Pitiss, Sharon Ellen
    Chair
    Sharpton, Virgil
    Committee
    Herrick, Robert
    Dean, Ken
    Christensen, Doug
    Metadata
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6945
    Abstract
    Analysis of a surface's crater population provides information to reconstruct the geologic history of a regional surface. Therefore, the population of sub-kilometer impact craters within Meridiani Planum, Mars has been assessed to constrain the nature and origin of unique hematite-rich deposits that occur in this region. Crater size-frequency distributions were compiled for 16,540 small craters in eleven images with varying hematite concentration. Results show that a complex crater obliteration process, probably aeolian activity, has operated continuously on the Meridiani region between 10 My and 3 Gy. More recently the surface process seems to have halted, possibly due to dune stabilization associated with a major climate shift. There is no evidence in the cratering record of an extensive, long-lived body of water that could have created the region's hematite deposits. While not required by the size-frequency distribution, some regional stripping and removal is permitted. In this case, the maximum erosional depth incurred in the last 3 Gy is limited to less than 50 meters. This is insufficient to have metamorphosed hematite as Lane et al. (2002) previously suggested. The size-frequency distributions suggest the hematite would have had to be emplaced very early in the history of Mars.
    Description
    Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2005
    Table of Contents
    Introduction -- Background -- Hematite region -- The origin of crystalline hematite on Mars -- Crystalline hematite as an indicator of long-standing surface water -- Objectives -- Method -- Approach to impact crater studies -- The size-frequency diagram -- Isochrons for Mars -- Importance of the sub-km crater record -- MOC-NA images -- Crater counting in Meridiani -- Results of size-frequency distributions -- Discussion -- Comparison with theoretical models -- Comparison with Hartmann's crater counts -- Constraints upon the nature of hematite in Meridiani -- Nature of recent activity in the region: evidence of abundant aeolian activity, an example from MOC-NA image m0704322 -- Conclusion -- Literature cited.
    Date
    2005-05
    Type
    Thesis
    Collections
    Geosciences

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