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    Causes and consequences of coupled crystallization and vesiculation in ascending mafic magmas

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    Author
    Lindoo, Amanda N.
    Chair
    Larsen, Jessica F.
    Committee
    Freymueller, Jeffrey
    Izbekov, Pavel
    Trainor, Tom
    Keyword
    Magmas
    Alaska
    Kasatochi Volcano
    Kasatochi Volcano (Alaska)
    Magmatism
    Phenocrysts
    Crystalline rocks
    Volcanic eruptions
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7892
    Abstract
    Transitions in eruptive style and eruption intensity in mafic magmas are poorly understood. While silicic systems are the most researched and publicized due to their explosive character, mafic volcanoes remain the dominant form of volcanism on the earth. Eruptions are typically effusive, but changes in flow behavior can result in explosive, ash generating episodes. The efficiency of volatiles to degas from an ascending magma greatly influences eruption style. It is well known that volatile exsolution in magmas is a primary driving force for volcanic eruptions, however the roles vesicles and syn-eruptive crystallization play in eruption dynamics are poorly understood. Permeability development, which occurs when gas bubbles within a rising magma form connected pathways, has been suspected to influence eruption style and intensity. Numerous investigations on natural eruptive products, experimental samples, and analog experiments have extended the understanding of permeability development and fragmentation processes. However, these studies have focused on silicic, high viscosity, crystal-poor magmas. Little progress has been made in understanding fragmentation mechanisms in mafic or alkali magmas. Mafic systems involve lower viscosity magmas that often form small crystals, also known as microlites, during ascent. Because the merging of bubbles in magma is mitigated by melt viscosity, it is predicted that permeability development in mafic magma will occur at lower bubble volume fractions than in silicic magma. However, no study has been performed on experimental samples to provide evidence for this hypothesis. Furthermore, it is unknown how microlites affect the degassing process in terms of facilitating or hindering permeability development. This thesis employs experimental petrology to: 1) experimentally observe how melt viscosity alone affects permeability development, 2) Understand the effects of syn-eruptive crystallization in vesiculating mafic magmas and synergizes these results to 3) relate experimental findings to the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi volcano.
    Description
    Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2017
    Date
    2017-08
    Type
    Dissertation
    Collections
    Geosciences

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