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    Speciation genetics in two pairs of high-latitude, migratory bird taxa

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    Author
    Withrow, Jack J.
    Chair
    Winker, Kevin
    Committee
    Hundertmark, Kris
    Takebayashi, Naoki
    Keyword
    American golden plover
    Alaska
    Bering Sea Coast
    Genetics
    Russia (Federation)
    Pacific golden plover
    Northern saw-whet owl
    British Columbia
    Haida Gwaii
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8300
    Abstract
    I investigated and characterized the divergence of two pairs of putatively young, high-latitude, migratory bird taxa with data from mitochondria) and nuclear DNA. I chose pairs exhibiting natural history attributes suggesting divergence scenarios that probably did not involve strict allopatry. First, I examined Pluvialis dominica and P. fulva, migratory plover species with a largely parapatric breeding range in Beringia. Secondly, I examined Aegolius acadicus acadicus and A. a. brooksi, a subspecies pair of owls where one subspecies (brooksi) is endemic to Haida Gwaii, Canada, a location where subspecies acadicus occurs during migration, resulting in cyclic sympatry (heteropatry) with brooksi. Using mtDNA sequence data and AFLPs I made inferences about population parameters, inferred the likely number of populations, and sought evidence of selection. Gene flow was very low in both pairs. The plovers are much older than was anticipated (1.8 Mybp), although hybridization does occur. Evidence for parapatric or speciation with gene flow scenarios was not found in the plovers, perhaps because the speciation event occurred far in the past. The owl's divergence date was relatively young (~16,000 ybp). Some evidence was found suggesting that heteropatric divergence contributed to the owl's differentiation, although the process could also have reinforced differences acquired largely in allopatry.
    Description
    Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2013
    Table of Contents
    1. Speciation in the migratory shorebird lineage, the Pluvialis domina-fulva complex -- 1.1. Abstract -- 1.2. Introduction -- 1.3. Materials and methods -- 1.3.1. Mitochondrial sequence data and sampling -- 1.3.2. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms data and sampling -- 1.3.3. Genetic differentiation and population structure -- 1.3.4. Divergence time, effective population size, and gene flow -- 1.3.5. Genetic diversity and selection -- 1.4. Results -- Genetic differentiation and population structure --1.4.2. Divergence time, effective population size, and gene flow -- 1.4.3. Genetic diversity and selection -- 1.5. Discussion -- 1.6. Literature cited -- Appendix 1.A. -- Appendix 1.B. -- 2. Heteropatric differentiation in the Haida Gwaii owl, Aegolius acadicus brooksi -- 2.1. Abstract -- 2.2. Introduction -- 2.3. Materials and methods -- 2.3.1. Mitocholdrial sequence data and sampling -- 2.3.2. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms data and sampling -- 2.3.3. Genetic differentiation and population structure -- 2.3.4. Divergence time, effective population size, and gene flow -- 2.3.5. Genetic diversity and selection -- 2.4. Results -- 2.4.1. Genetic differentiation and population structure -- 2.4.2. Divergence time, effective population size, and gene flow -- 2.4.3. Genetic diversity and selection -- 2.5. Discussion -- 2.6. Literature cited -- Appendix 2.A. -- Appendix 2.B. -- General conclusion.
    Date
    2013-05
    Type
    Thesis
    Collections
    Biological Sciences

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